Thursday 31 May 2018

LEADERSHIP


              A leader is one who instills purposes, not one who controls by brute force. He strengthens and inspires the followers to accomplish shared goals.
Leaders
Ø  Shape the Organization’s value
Ø  Promote the Organization’s value
Ø  Protect the Organization’s value and
Ø  Exemplifies the Organization values

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITY LEADERS :

1.     They give priority attention to external and internal customers and their needs.
2.      They empower, rather than control, subordinates.
3.      They emphasis improvement rather than maintenance.
4.      They emphasis prevention.
5.      They emphasis collaboration rather than competition.
6.      They train and coach, rather than direct and supervise.
7.      They learn from the problems.
8.      They continually try to improve communications.
9.      They continually demonstrate their commitment to quality.
10.  They choose suppliers on the basis of quality, not price.
11.  They establish organizational systems to support the quality effort.
12.  They encourage and recognize team effort.
LEADERSHIP CONCEPTS :

A leader should have the following concepts
1.        People, Paradoxically, need security and independence at the same time.
2.        People are sensitive to external and punishments and yet are also strongly self - motivated.
3.        People like to hear a kind word of praise. Catch people doing something right, so you can pat them on the back.
4.        People can process only a few facts at a time; thus, a leader needs to keep things simple.
5.        People trust their gut reaction more than statistical data.
6.        People distrust a leader’s rhetoric if the words are inconsistent with the leader’s actions.

THE 7 HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE :

  1. Be Proactive
  2. Begin with the End in mind
  3. Put First Things First
  4. Think Win – Win
  5. Seek First to Understand, then to Be Understood
  6. Synergy
  7. Sharpen the Saw (Renewal)

Robots to soon clean up manholes in Kerala



 
  In a first in Kerala, the state government will soon be utilizing the services of Robots to clean sewer holes. The trial runs of the robot, developed by a startup company, Genrobotics, have been successfully held recently and the product will be launched next week. 


The robot, equipped with Wi-Fi, Blue Tooth and control panels has four limbs and a bucket system attached to a spider web looking extension to scoop out the waste from sewers.

The project is supported by KWA, which has joined hands with Kerala start up mission to transform new ideas into practical technologies for addressing issues relating to pipe leakage and sanitation.

Wednesday 30 May 2018

QUALITY PLANNING


QUALITY PLANNING

The following are the important steps for quality planning.

  1. Establishing quality goals.
  2. Identifying customers.
  3. Discovering customer needs.
  4. Developing product features.
  5. Developing process features.
  6. Establishing process controls and transferring to operations.

IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE NOTED WHILE QUALITY PLANNING :

1.      Business, having larger market share and better quality, earn returns much higher than their competitors.
2.      Quality and Market share each has a strong separate relationship to profitably.
3.      Planning for product quality must be based on meeting customer needs, not just meeting product specifications.
4.      For same products. We need to plan for perfection. For other products, we need to plan for value.

QUALITY COSTS

1.         PREVENTION COST
Ø  Marketing / Customer / User.
Ø  Product / Service / Design Development.
Ø  Purchasing
Ø  Operations (Manufacturing or Service)
Ø  Quality Administration.

2.         APPRAISAL COST
Ø  Purchasing Appraisal Costs.
Ø  Operations Appraisal Costs
Ø  External Appraisal Costs
Ø  Review of Test and Inspection Data
Ø  Miscellaneous Quality Evaluations

3.         INTERNAL FAILURE COST
Ø  Product or Service Design Failure Costs (Internal)
Ø  Purchasing Failure Costs
Ø  Operations (Product or Service) Failure Costs

4.                  EXTERNAL FAILURE COST
Ø  Complaint Investigations of Customer or User Service
Ø  Returned Goods
Ø  Retrofit and Recall Costs
Ø  Warranty Claims
Ø  Liability Costs
Ø  Penalties
Ø  Customer or User Goodwill
Ø  Lost Sales

Total Quality Management


Total Quality Management


          Total Quality Management (TQM) is an enhancement to the traditional way of doing business.

Total                           -           Made up of the whole

Quality                        -           Degree of Excellence a Product or Service provides.

Management              -           Art of handling, controlling, directing etc.

TQM is the application of quantitative methods and human resources to improve all the processes within an organization and exceed CUSTOMER NEEDS now and in the future.


DEFINING QUALITY :

Quality can be quantified as follows

                                    Q = P / E

Where,           
Q          =          Quality
                        P          =          Performance
                        E          =          Expectation


DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY :

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dimension                                        Meaning and Example
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance              Primary product characteristics, such as the brightness of the picture  
Features                     Secondary characteristics, added features, such as remote control
Conformance             Meeting specifications likes height, weight, shapes, design or industry standards, workmanship
Reliability                   Consistency of performance over time, average time of the unit to fail
Durability                   Useful life, includes repair
Service                        Resolution of problems and complaints, ease of repair
Response                   Human – to – human interface, such as the courtesy of the dealer
Aesthetics                   Sensory characteristics, such as exterior finish
Reputation                 Past performance and other incapable, such as being ranked first

What is Automation?


Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed without human assistance. Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated.
Automation covers applications ranging from a household thermostat controlling a boiler, to a large industrial control system with tens of thousands of input measurements and output control signals. In control complexity it can range from simple on-off control to multi-variable high level algorithms.
In the simplest type of an automatic control loop, a controller compares a measured value of a process with a desired set value, and processes the resulting error signal to change some input to the process, in such a way that the process stays at its set point despite disturbances. This closed-loop control is an application of negative feedback to a system. The mathematical basis of control theory was begun in the 18th century, and advanced rapidly in the 20th.
Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes and ships typically use all these combined techniques. The benefit of automation includes labor savings, savings in electricity costs, savings in material costs, and improvements to quality, accuracy and precision.
The term automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic (coming from automaton), was not widely used before 1947, when Ford established an automation department. It was during this time that industry was rapidly adopting feedback controllers, which were introduced in the 1930s.

Tuesday 29 May 2018

Robots set to transform farming to a new level


Nowadays all the consumers expect a clean supply chain. Therefore, reducing the inputs of pesticides and chemical fertilizers to a minimum and/or replacing them by agro-ecological or robot solutions is required. The average age of  farmers is among the highest of all sectors, thus farming needs to attract young people with attractive working opportunities.

        

This is where the new agricultural robot solution for precision farming developed within the context of the EU Flourish (Aerial Data Collection and Analysis, and Automated Ground Intervention for Precision Farming) project can play a part. Use of robots in precision farming has the potential not only to increase yield, but also to reduce the reliance on fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides through selectively spraying individual plants or through weed removal.

Helping farmland flourish

Precision farming combines technologies that customize the care that plants receive without increasing labor on the farmer's side. The project consortium targeted the development of innovative agriculture techniques by monitoring key indicators of crop health and targeting treatment only for plants or infested areas that require it.

"Compared with conventional practices, precision farming techniques are much friendlier to the environment and bring more economic benefits. Given that most of the pesticides applied are herbicides to control the weeds, radically reducing the use of these chemicals and detecting parts of the crop field that are free of infestation will help to grow healthier crops.

Farming with drones and robots

Development of precision farming techniques is a very active area of research, so the goal of Flourish was to bridge the gap between the current and desired capabilities of agricultural robots. The project consortium developed an autonomous farming system where drones and robots work together to monitor the crop and precisely remove weeds. The newly developed robotic system combines the aerial survey capabilities of a small autonomous multi-copter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a multi-purpose unmanned ground vehicle (UGV).

"Equipped with a camera, various sensors, GPS and statistical software the UAV can scan different crop characteristics such as height, canopy cover and chlorophyll levels, and provide information related to plant 'phenotyping'," explain Prof. Siegwart and Dr Inkyu Sa. The drone can also distinguish between crops and weeds, while advanced algorithms enable it to optimize its flight path. Once the UAV has completed its task it communicates the areas that need attention to the UGV.

Utilizing the data delivered from the UAV, the UGV prototype, called Bonirob, autonomously navigates its environment and performs actions at set locations. For example, it can spray a pesticide onto a selected crop area, and in the case of weed presence, it can get rid of them mechanically, avoiding the use of dangerous herbicides.

Image recognition plays a key role in its operation. Based on parameters such as plant color, shape and size, the robot can help farmers classify plants more easily. Examining crop patterns alongside images, it can also differentiate more accurately between the desired plants and weeds even when their visual appearance changes significantly due to weather conditions or growth.

Technological advancements in farming such as those introduced by Flourish will enable farmers to minimize chemical use and produce healthier crops and higher yields. The system is also expected to reduce costs for farmers and minimize the environmental impact of crop farming.

Mechatronics



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         Mechatronics is a branch of engineering that focuses on designing, manufacturing and maintaining products that have both mechanical and electronic components. The term was coined in 1969 by engineer Tetsuro Mori to describe the synergy that exists between electrical control systems and the mechanical machines they regulate. Since then, the meaning of the term has broadened to include the integration of multiple other disciplines, including computer engineering, systems engineering and programming.
As a design philosophy, mechatronics values systems thinking and an interdisciplinary approach to problem solving. Fairly recently in information technology (IT), the DevOps movement broke down the wall between software development and operations, encouraging IT pros to work in cross-departmental teams. Mechatronics has caused the same sea change in engineering. In many industries today, engineers have to work in cross-discipline, collaborative teams in order to ensure that the complex, highly integrated systems they are designing will run smoothly.
To understand the concept of mechatronics, one can simply think about today's automobiles. The average car today has between 25 and 50 central processing units (CPUs) that control mechanical functions. A driver support system (DSS) such as anti-lock breaks is designed with mechatronics; the electronic control system takes over the braking function when sensors recognize that one or more wheels are locking up. A pneumatic tire pressure monitoring system is also designed with mechatronics; each tire has a sensor inside that sends data to an onboard electronic control system. If the pressure on one tire is low, the embedded software in the control system sends an alert to the vehicle's dashboard and a tire gauge icon lights up. Even an automobile's air bag is designed with mechatronics; a micro-electrical machine (MEM) in the front of the automobile will deploy an airbag when sensor data indicates rapid deceleration.


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Thinking holistically has allowed engineers to make great strides in advancing automation and robotics. It has also allowed them to create smarter products, smaller products and tiny, efficient product components at the nanotech level. In order to successfully operate, diagnose and maintain electromechanical, automated equipment, it's become necessary for support technicians to re-skill formally and informally on a frequent basis. Siemens AG, one of the world's largest high-tech manufacturing corporations, offers a professional certification program for mechatronics, and an increasingly large number of colleges and universities are offering courses of study for this emerging technology.
According to the United States Department of Labor, mechatronics is an emerging growth area for employment. In addition to automotives, industries that rely upon mechatronics include aerospace, appliance design and repair, banking, energy and power production and distribution, farming, food processing, manufacturing, mining and healthcare.